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龙皮大衣 于 星海历08年02月16日 00:11 发表
罗马帝国皇帝叫Imperator
Caesar
Caesar (plural Caesars), Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares),
is a title of imperial character. It derives from the cognomen of Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator.
The change from being a familial name to an imperial title can be loosely dated to 68 / 69, the so-called "Year of the Four Emperors".
The history of "Caesar" as an imperial title is reflected by the following monarchic titles, usually reserved for "Emperor" and "Empress" in many languages (note that the name Caesar, pronounced see-zer in English, was pronounced kai-sahr in Classical Latin):
Germanic languages:
Danish: Kejser & Kejserinde;
Dutch: Keizer & Keizerin;
German: Kaiser & Kaiserin;
Icelandic: Keisari & Keisaraynja;
Faroese: Keisari & Keisarinna;
Norwegian: Keiser & Keiserinne;
Swedish: Kejsare & Kejsarinna
Old English: casere ( honorific used by early English kings )
Slavonic & Baltic languages:
Belarusian: Tsar & Tsarytsa
Bulgarian: Цар & Царица (Tsar & Tsaritsa);
Croatian & Serbian: Car & Carica (c is read ts);
Czech: Císař & Císařovna;
Latvian: Keizars & Keizarienne;
Polish: Cesarz & Cesarzowa;
Russian: Czar & Czaritsa (archaic transliteration), Tsar & Tsaritsa (modern transliteration); however in the Russian empire (also reflected in some of its other languages), which aimed to be the "third Rome" as successor to the Byzantine empire, it was abandoned (not in the foreign language renderings though) as imperial style -in favor of Imperator and Autocrator- and used as a lower, royal style as within the empire in chief of some of its parts, e.g. Georgia and Siberia
Slovak: Cisár & Cisárovná;
Slovene: Cesar & Cesarica;
Ukrainian: Tsar & Tsarytsya
Finno-Ugric, Semitic and Altaic languages:
Arabic: Qaysar - قيصر
Estonian: Keiser & Keisrinna;
Finnish: Keisari & Keisarinna;
Hebrew: Keisár & Keisarít;
Hungarian: Császár & Császárnő;
Turkish: Kayser-i-Rûm "Caesar of [Constantinople, the second] Rome", one of many subsidiary titles proclaiming the Ottoman Great Sultan (main imperial title Padishah) as (Muslim) successor to "Rum" as the Turks called the (Christian) Roman Empire (as Byzantium had continued to call itself), continuing to use the name for part of formerly Byzantine territory (compare the Seljuk Rum-sultanate)
你那麼喜歡查字典就查吧，反正我不查也懂，看看上面說甚麼。
Imperator也解大將軍，
The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the
Roman Republic. It later went on to become a part of the titulature of the Roman Emperors as part of their cognomen. The English word emperor derives from the Latin word "imperator", via its French descendent empereur.
There is no direct Latin equivalent of the English word emperor, however -
the Roman Emperors gained authority from a large group of titles and positions, as opposed to any single title. Nevertheless, Imperator maintained a relatively constant status as a part of a Roman ruler's title throughout the principate (derived from princeps, from which we get prince) and the dominate.
Imperator as an imperial title
After Julius Caesar established the hereditary, one-man rule in Rome that we refer to as the Roman Empire, the title imperator was generally restricted to the emperor, though it would
occasionally be granted to a member of his family. As a permanent title, imperator was used as a praenomen by the Roman emperors and was taken on accession. After the reign of Tiberius, the act of being proclaimed imperator was transformed into the act of imperial accession. In fact,
if a general was acclaimed by his troops as imperator, it would be tantamount to a declaration of rebellion against the ruling emperor.
In the imperial period, the term did continue to be used in the Republican sense as a victory title; however, it could only be granted to the emperor, even if he had not commanded the victorious army in person. The title followed the emperor's name along with the number of times he was acclaimed as such, for example IMP V ("imperator five times").
The title imperator was generally translated into Greek as autokrator. This title (along with sebastos for augustus) was used in Greek-language texts by eastern Roman emperors until the seventh century, when basileus began to supplant it.
Imperator只不過是其中一個稱號,就如二戰前日本天皇是神，神是天皇 Imperator可以賜給家族成員 Caesar/Kaiser是只有皇帝才可使用
忘了說Imperator可以解共和國的將軍，勝利的代表，由元老院增送，不是羅馬帝國產物
奥古斯都也是羅馬皇帝
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本帖最后由 yau88hse 于 星海历08年2月16日 00:51 编辑 ]
